The U.S. Department of State keeps South Africa at Level 2 (Exercise Increased Caution) due to crime, terrorism, unrest, and kidnapping. Violent crime is common, including robbery, rape, carjacking, and mugging, as well as "smash-and-grab" attacks on vehicles; it is more common in downtown areas of big cities, especially after dark. Kidnapping is a threat, with kidnappers targeting U.S. citizens and other foreign travelers to steal money; captors often force victims to withdraw cash or give online account passwords before release, and in rare cases demand ransom from families. There is a risk of terrorist violence. Demonstrations, protests, and strikes occur frequently and can start suddenl…